US Ambassador Nikki Haley said Washington will present a new sanctions resolution to the council to be negotiated in the coming days, with a view of voting on it next Monday.
"Only the strongest sanctions will enable us to resolve this problem through diplomacy," Haley told an emergency council meeting called by the United States, Britain, France, Japan and South Korea.
German Chancellor Angela Merkel and US President Donald Trump also agreed to push for further sanctions against North Korea after Pyongyang's latest nuclear test, Merkel's office said.
The two leaders during a phone call "shared the view that the international community needs to increase pressure on the North Korean regime and that the UN Security Council must swifty adopt new and harsher sanctions," a spokesman said in a statement.
Global alarm
North Korea on Sunday triggered global alarm when it detonated what it described as a hydrogen bomb designed for a long-range missile.
The underground blast had a yield of between 50 and 100 kilotons, or on average more than five times more powerful than the bomb detonated over Hiroshima, UN political affairs chief Jeffrey Feltman told the council.
Declaring that "enough is enough," Haley said incremental sanctions imposed on Pyongyang since 2006 had failed and accused North Korean leader Kim Jong-Un of "begging for war."
"War is never something the United States wants. We don't want it now. But our country's patience is not unlimited," she declared.
"North Korea has basically slapped everyone in the face in the international community that has asked them to stop."
Haley did not spell out what measures Washington was seeking, but diplomats said they could target oil supplies to North Korea -- potentially dealing a major blow to the economy.
New sanctions could also seek to curb tourism to North Korea and ban North Korean laborers sent abroad, mostly to Russia and China, to earn hard currency for the regime, diplomats said.
The draft text was expected to be presented to the 14 other council members on Tuesday as the United States sought to respond quickly to reports that North Korea was preparing another missile launch.
'Insulting'
South Korea's defense ministry said Pyongyang may be preparing a missile launch to follow its two tests in July of intercontinental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) that apparently brought much of the US mainland into range.
At the UN, China's ambassador Liu Jieyi warned that the crisis was worsening and emphasized the need for dialogue and a diplomatic solution.
"China will never allow chaos and war on the (Korean) peninsula," he asserted.
Liu urged the parties to agree to a Chinese-Russian plan calling for the North to freeze its missile and nuclear tests and the United States and South Korea to suspend joint military exercises.
Haley rejected the proposal as "insulting."
"When a rogue regime has a nuclear weapon and an ICBM pointed at you, you do not take steps to lower your guard. No one would do that. We certainly won't," she declared.
Russia said it would study the new US proposals for sanctions, but again stressed those measures alone would not resolve the crisis.
United Nations US Ambassador Nikki Haley addresses the security council at UN headquarters. (AAP) Source: AAP
"This is not the way to get parties to the table to seek a political solution," said Russian Ambassador Vassily Nebenzia.
The council has imposed seven sets of sanctions on North Korea since it first tested a nuclear device in 2006, but Pyongyang has repeatedly found ways to circumvent the measures.
The most recent resolutions, however, have zeroed in on the economy, targeting key exports sectors such as coal that are a source of hard currency for the regime.
Haley reiterated US threats to impose sanctions on countries that conduct trade with North Korea, saying these nations will be seen as "giving aid to their reckless and dangerous nuclear intentions."
That could have major reverberations: China is the largest trading partner of both the North and the United States.
South Korean response
South Korea's defense ministry said it was already strengthening its defenses, in part by deploying more US-made Terminal High-Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) missile launchers.
Seoul also fired an early-morning volley of ballistic missiles in an exercise simulating an attack on the North's nuclear test site. Pictures showed short-range Hyunmoo missiles roaring into the dawn sky from an east coast launch site.
US President Donald Trump and South Korea's leader Moon Jae-In spoke on the phone Monday and agreed to remove limits on the payload of the South's missiles, Seoul's presidential office said.
Seoul was previously restricted to a maximum warhead weight of 1100 pounds (500 kilograms) on its ballistic missiles, according to a bilateral agreement with the United States signed in 2001.
On Sunday US monitors measured a powerful 6.3-magnitude earthquake near the North's main testing site.
United Nations Ambassadors at United Nations non-proliferation meeting on North Korea, Monday Sept. 4, 2017 at U.N. headquarters. Source: AP
The North hailed the test as "a perfect success."
Hours before the test, the North released images of Kim inspecting a device it called a "thermonuclear weapon with super explosive power" entirely made "by our own efforts and technology."
The respected 38 North website urged caution, saying it was likely the item pictured was "only a model mock-up."
The North says it needs nuclear weapons to defend itself against the threat of invasion, and analysts say it is seeking to strengthen its hand for any future negotiations with Washington.
