What are the UK's options on Brexit?

Eurosceptics want a "hard" Brexit but others are calling to stay in the European Union.

Anti-Brexit and pro-EU supporters have taken to the streets since the exit decision was made.

Anti-Brexit and pro-EU supporters have taken to the streets since the exit decision was made. Source: AAP

Brexit negotiations are continuing with pace ahead of the UK’s departure from the European Union next March.

But with Prime Minister Theresa May yet to secure a deal, facing splits within her party and the tough task of securing parliamentary approval for the final agreement, what possible outcomes does the country face?

Securing a deal

London and Brussels hope to agree a Brexit deal at a summit in October. 

But talks have become stuck on fundamental issues including the Irish border after the UK leaves the EU's single market, and on the future trading relationship.
EU negotiator Michel Barnier and his British counterpart Dominic Raab said on Tuesday that key differences remained and it was important to "intensify" the pace of negotiations.

"The negotiations are now entering the final stage. We have agreed that the EU and the UK will negotiate continuously from now on," Mr Barnier said in Brussels.

"Dominic and I will meet regularly to take stock and move the negotiations forward."
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Mrs May wants to maintain a close relationship with the EU in certain areas, recommending a "common rule book"  for goods and customs traded within what she called a new "UK-EU free trade area".

She said she wants to ensure trade remains as "frictionless" as possible while avoiding the return of a hard border between Northern Ireland and the Republic.

She also wants to allow skilled migrants access to jobs in the UK.

The EU could reject the proposal but Mr Raab said he was confident both sides would reach an agreement.

"If we have that ambition, that pragmatism, that energy on both sides, I'm confident we can reach a deal in October," he said.

No-deal scenario

Leaving without a deal could hamper exports to the EU, Britain's largest market, as it would end tariff-free trade.

It would see the UK forced to trade with the EU under World Trade Organisation (WTO) rules, meaning there would be customs checks and tariffs placed on each others’ goods.
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There are fears this could also cause disruption at ports and airports, as well as driving up prices in supermarkets.

British Foreign Secretary Jeremy Hunt warned on Tuesday that a "chaotic" no-deal would be "one of the biggest threats to European unity" for a generation. 

But eurosceptic members of Mrs May's Conservative party want a clean break from the EU's courts, customs unions and single market, allowing the UK to forge new trade deals with countries around the world like the US and Australia.

Hold another referendum

MPs could vote against any exit deal, which would set the UK on course for leaving the bloc without any formal agreement on what happens next.

Anti-Brexit MPs hope this scenario would enable them to generate enough support among colleagues for a second referendum to take place, including on whether to stay in.

The People's Vote, a cross-party group including some MPs, is among those calling for a public vote on the final Brexit deal.
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Its campaign has been boosted by a record £1m ($AUS1.7 million) donation from the co-founder of British clothing brand Superdry, Julian Dunkerton.

The multi-millionaire said he was backing the campaign because he saw a “genuine chance to turn this around”, claiming Superdry would never have been a success if Brexit had happened 20 years earlier.

However, Mrs May has previously said a second referendum will not happen "in any circumstances".

Stay in the EU

The Leave campaign won the initial EU referendum in June 2016 with 52 per cent of the votes to Remain's 48 per cent.
There is debate over whether Britain could reverse its decision to invoke Article 50 of the EU’s Lisbon Treaty, the formal step that kickstarted the Brexit process. 

But if the country did want to leave and immediately rejoin, it would require the backing of voters in a general election, as well as agreement from all the other EU member states.

Not only would this be a huge political embarrassment for Mrs May, but it could also spell the end of her tenure.


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4 min read
Published 22 August 2018 5:01pm
Source: AFP, SBS


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