Key points
- Fighting has persisted in Ukraine despite Moscow's purported order for a ceasefire to mark Orthodox Christmas.
- Nevertheless, President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said he was happy to see so many people mark the "historic" day.
- Hundreds attended a service in Kyiv while in a town in eastern Ukraine, worshippers gathered in a basement shelter.
Ukrainians and Russians marked Orthodox Christmas on Saturday under the shadow of war, as fighting persisted despite Kremlin leader Vladimir Putin's order for his forces to pause attacks.
War-scarred cities in eastern Ukraine saw no significant let-up in the fighting, with AFP journalists in the town of Chasiv Yar south of the frontline city of Bakhmut hearing heavy artillery fire throughout much of Saturday morning.
The Russian defence ministry insisted its forces were observing the unilateral ceasefire but also said the army had repelled attacks in eastern Ukraine and killed dozens of Ukrainian soldiers on Friday.
Ukrainian authorities said only three people were killed on Friday.
In Moscow, 70-year-old Mr Putin stood alone at a service at a Kremlin church, the Cathedral of the Annunciation, to mark Orthodox Christmas.
In Kyiv, hundreds of worshippers attended a service at the 11th-century Kyiv Pechersk Lavra as Metropolitan Epifaniy, head of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine, led a liturgy in the pro-Western country's most significant Orthodox monastery.
President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, in his evening address, said he was happy to see so many people attend the service on a day that "has already become historic for Ukraine, for the spiritual independence of our people".
On the Orthodox Holy Day, "the world was once again able to see how false any words of any level coming from Moscow are," he added.
"They said something about an alleged ceasefire... But the reality is Russian shells that again hit Bakhmut and other Ukrainian positions."
Primate of the Orthodox Church of Ukraine, Metropolitan Epiphanius for the first time conducted the Christmas liturgy in the Holy Dormition Cathedral of the Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra. Source: Getty / NurPhoto/NurPhoto via Getty Images
Mr Putin's order to stop fighting came after Moscow suffered its heaviest casualties in a single attack yet, with Ukrainian strikes killing at least 89 troops in the eastern town of Makiivka.
'Truly historic event'
Ukrainian worshippers hailed the Kyiv mass.
"We've waited for this shrine for a long time," Veronika Martyniuk told AFP outside the church.
"This is a truly historic event, which I think every Ukrainian has been waiting for. Especially after the beginning of Russia's full-scale invasion," said the 19-year-old head of a choir from the western city of Ivano-Frankivsk.
Security was tight; worshippers had their passports checked and entered through metal detectors.
In the battered town of Chasiv Yar in eastern Ukraine, worshippers gathered in the basement shelter of an apartment building instead of their church down the street, wary of possible shelling.
The congregation numbered just nine, down from its pre-war total of 100, as many residents have fled to safer territory.
As artillery boomed outside and fighter jets flew overhead, Orthodox Christians in a battered east Ukraine town held a Christmas service in a basement shelter, vowing not to let war ruin the holiday. Source: Getty / DIMITAR DILKOFF/AFP via Getty Images
The Ukrainian Church was previously under Moscow's jurisdiction but severed ties after Russia launched its invasion last February.
Ordinary Ukrainians have also largely turned their backs on the Russian Orthodox Church, whose leader Patriarch Kirill has backed the invasion.
The Orthodox Church of Ukraine was established in 2018 but remains unrecognised by the Moscow Patriarchate.
'Fake ceasefire'
Presidential adviser Mykhailo Podolyak on Saturday accused Russian troops of firing along the entire contact line despite the announced ceasefire.
The general staff of Ukraine's armed forces said Russia launched one missile strike and fired 20 rockets from multiple launchers over the past 24 hours.
Two people died and seven were wounded in the eastern region of Donetsk, while in the southern region of Kherson one person was killed seven were injured Friday, said Kyrylo Tymoshenko, deputy head of Ukraine's presidency.
"Peaceful settlements in the region were attacked with artillery, anti-aircraft guns, mortars and tanks," said Yaroslav Yanushevych, the head of the Kherson regional administration.
In a message released by the Kremlin, Putin congratulated Orthodox Christians, saying the holiday inspired "good deeds and aspirations".
He also praised the Orthodox Church for "supporting our soldiers taking part in a special military operation", using the Kremlin term for the offensive in Ukraine.
Meanwhile the British government announced it would host a meeting of justice ministers in March to discuss ways to support the International Criminal Court's investigation of alleged war crimes in Ukraine.
In December ICC prosecutor Karim Khan, who is set to take part in the March conference, urged the international community to support and fund the inquiry, saying: "We need the tools to do the job. We do not have those tools."
