Special forces soldiers claim to have ousted Guinea's long-serving President Alpha Conde on Sunday, telling the West African nation they had dissolved its government and constitution and closed its land and air borders.
As the United Nations and Nigeria, the region's dominant power, condemned any takeover by force, the elite army unit's head, Mamady Doumbouya, said "poverty and endemic corruption" had driven his forces to remove Mr Conde from office.
"We have dissolved government and institutions," Mr Doumbouya said on state television, draped in Guinea's national flag and surrounded by eight other armed soldiers. "We are going to rewrite a constitution together."
Gunfire erupted and fighting broke out near the presidential palace in the capital, Conakry, on Sunday morning. Hours later, videos shared on social media, which Reuters could not immediately authenticate, showed Mr Conde in a room surrounded by army special forces.
Mr Conde, whose whereabouts were not clear, won a third term in October after changing the constitution to allow him to stand again.
In this image made from video, unidentified soldiers are seen near the presidential palace in the capital Conakry, Guinea Sunday, 5 September, 2021. Source: AP
That led to violent protests from the opposition, and in recent weeks, the government has sharply increased taxes to replenish state coffers and raised the price of fuel by 20 per cent, causing widespread frustration.
By Sunday evening, it was not clear if Mr Doumbouya had seized total control, with the defence ministry having issued a statement saying an attack on the presidential palace had been repelled.
But United Nations Secretary General Antonio Guterres said he strongly condemned "any takeover of the government by force" and called for Mr Conde's immediate release.
Nigeria's foreign ministry said Guinea's "apparent coup d'etat" violated Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) rules, and called for the restitution of constitutional order.
Videos shared on social media had earlier shown military vehicles patrolling Conakry, and one military source said the only bridge connecting the mainland to the Kaloum neighbourhood, where the palace and most government ministries are located, had been sealed off.
In the capital, residents began venturing back onto the streets during the afternoon to celebrate the uprising's apparent success.
A Reuters witness saw pick-up trucks and military vehicles accompanied by motorcyclists honking their horns and cheering onlookers. "Guinea is free! Bravo," a woman shouted from her balcony.
Alexis Arieff, at the United States Congressional Research Service, said that, while mutinies and coups were nothing new in West Africa, the region had seen "major democratic backsliding" in recent years.
Both Mr Conde and Ivory Coast's leader have moved the legislative goalposts to extend the clock on their presidencies in the past year, while Mali has experienced two military coups and Chad one.
Guinea has seen sustained economic growth during Conde's decade in power thanks to its bauxite, iron ore, gold and diamond wealth.
But few of its citizens have seen the benefits, and critics say his government has used restrictive criminal laws to discourage dissent, while ethnic divisions and endemic graft have sharpened political rivalries.
"While the president was proclaiming everywhere that he wanted to govern differently by annihilating corruption, the embezzlement of public funds increased. The new rich were taunting us," Alassane Diallo, a resident of Conakry, told Reuters.
"It is all this that made it easier for the military."
