India is facing major diplomatic outrage from Muslim countries after top officials in the ruling Hindu nationalist party made derogatory references to Islam and the Prophet.
The remarks have drawn accusations of blasphemy across some Arab nations that have left New Delhi struggling to contain the damaging fall-out.
At least five Arab nations have lodged official protests against India, and Pakistan and Afghanistan also reacted strongly on Monday to the comments made by two prominent spokespeople from Prime Minister Narendra Modi's Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP).
Anger has poured out on social media, and calls for a boycott of Indian goods have surfaced in some Arab nations.
The controversial remarks follow increasing violence targeting India's Muslim minority carried out by Hindu nationalists who have been emboldened by Mr Modi's regular silence about such attacks since he was first elected in 2014.
Over the years, to inter-religious marriages. Watchdog groups such as Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International have warned that attacks could escalate.
Rights groups have also accused Mr Modi's ruling party of looking the other way and sometimes enabling hate speech against Muslims, who are 14 per cent of India's 1.4 billion people but still numerous enough to be the second-largest Muslim population of any nation.
Indian Muslims protest against derogatory references to Islam and the Prophet Muhammad made by top officials in the governing Hindu nationalist party in Mumbai on Monday. Source: AP / Rafiq Maqbool/AP
The anger has been growing since last week after the two spokespeople, Nupur Sharma and Naveen Jindal, made speculative remarks that were seen as insulting Islam's Prophet Muhammad and his wife Aisha.
Mr Modi's party took no action against them until Sunday when a sudden chorus of diplomatic outrage began with Qatar and Kuwait summoning their Indian ambassadors to protest.
The BJP suspended Mr Sharma and expelled Mr Jindal and issued a rare statement saying it "strongly denounces insult of any religious personalities", a move that was welcomed by Qatar and Kuwait.
Later, Saudi Arabia and Iran also lodged complaints with India, and the Jeddha-based Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, or the OIC, said the remarks came in a "context of intensifying hatred and abuse toward Islam in India and systematic practices against Muslims".
India's Foreign Ministry on Monday rejected comments by the OIC as "unwarranted" and "narrow-minded".
On Sunday, India's embassies in Qatar and Doha released a statement saying the views expressed against the Prophet and Islam were not that of the Indian government but made by "fringe elements".
Qatar's Foreign Ministry said it expected a "public apology" from the Indian government and Kuwait warned that if the comments go unpunished, India would see "an increase of extremism and hatred".
The Grand Mufti of the sultanate of Oman described the "obscene rudeness" of Modi's party toward Islam as a form of "war". And Riyadh said the comments were "insulting" and called for "respect for beliefs and religions".
The remarks also led to anger in India's arch-rival and neighbour Pakistan and in Afghanistan.
On Monday, Pakistan's Foreign Ministry summoned an Indian diplomat and conveyed Islamabad's "strong condemnation", a day after Prime Minister Shahbaz Sharif said the comments were "hurtful" and "India under Modi is trampling religious freedoms and persecuting Muslims".
The Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan said the Indian government should not allow "such fanatics to insult ... Islam and provoke the feelings of Muslims".
