NSW children under 14 should not be imprisoned, more Indigenous people should be appointed as judges, and the police watchdog should fully investigate all deaths in custody.
Those are some of the suggestions made in a new report aimed at tackling high levels of Indigenous incarceration, tabled in NSW parliament on Thursday morning.
The parliamentary committee's findings were published on the same day as the 30th anniversary of the landmark 1991 report of the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody.
Many of the royal commission's recommendations have never been implemented, but the MPs behind the new report hope their work will prompt real action.
"While many witnesses and stakeholders in the inquiry process are rightly concerned that this report will be just one of many that will be left on the shelf to gather dust, we believe that this report ... provide(s) the opportunity to bring about important changes for First Nations peoples," Labor's Adam Searle, the committee chair, said.
Of the 39 recommendations, only four failed to achieve consensus from all five committee members, who represented the Liberal, National, Labor, Greens and One Nation parties.
The suggestion that the age of criminal responsibility should be raised to at least 14 to keep kids out of the criminal justice system was supported by all except One Nation's Rod Roberts.
It comes as the nation's attorneys-general reportedly prepare to raise the age from 10 to 12.
The Law Enforcement Conduct Commission should take on a new brief of investigating deaths in custody, aided by senior First Nations staff, all agreed.
The current oversight system is marred by distrust and fragmentation, the committee found.
Judges and police should also take into account a person's Aboriginality when deciding whether to grant bail, the report recommends.
NSW Attorney-General Mark Speakman should consider appointing significantly more First Nations people to the judiciary it says.
Offensive language should not be a crime unless there is intimidation or a threat, or unless it is near a school.
The report also recommends better health-screening and services in prisons.
Indigenous people are "grossly over-represented" in the NSW criminal justice system, making up a full quarter of the prison population despite representing just three per cent of the general population.
Forty per cent of all adults refused bail and 18 per cent of adults facing court charges are Aboriginal.
The Aboriginal prison population has climbed 37 per cent in the six years to February 2020, and there has been an "alarming" increase in First Nations women in custody.
The committee heard from families of those who died in custody, who reported difficulties with the coronial process and the way they were informed of the death of their loved ones.
Protesters at a rally against Indigenous deaths in custody at Sydney's Town Hall Source: AAP
The politicians were "alarmed" to learn that families had not been provided with counselling in the aftermath of deaths.
They want a separate inquiry into the coronial system as well as the implementation of the 1991 royal commission's 339 recommendations.
"The fact that governments around Australia, including here in NSW, no longer report on implementation of the royal commission recommendations, and the fact that so many remain unfulfilled, shows that NSW and the country has lost its way on this pressing issue," Mr Searle said.
"The live question is whether we have the will to find our way back."
