United States President Joe Biden says Russian President Vladimir Putin's threat to use nuclear weapons is the biggest such threat since the Cuban Missile Crisis, as Russia's military leadership faced a rare domestic public backlash over the war in Ukraine.
President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said Ukraine's forces were swiftly recapturing more territory especially in the south of the country as Mr Putin's seven-month invasion unravels.
Mr Biden said the United States was "trying to figure out" Mr Putin's off-ramp from the war, warning that the Russian leader was "not joking when he talks about potential use of tactical nuclear weapons or biological or chemical weapons, because his military is, you might say, is significantly underperforming".
"For the first time since the Cuban Missile Crisis, we have a direct threat to the use of nuclear weapons, if in fact things continue down the path they'd been going," Mr Biden told Democratic donors in New York on Thursday (local time).
"We have not faced the prospect of Armageddon since Kennedy and the Cuban missile crisis," he said.
President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said Ukraine's forces were swiftly recapturing more territory especially in the south of the country as Mr Putin's seven-month invasion unravels. Credit: AP
"I don't think there's any such thing as the ability to easily (use) a tactical nuclear weapon and not end up with Armageddon," Mr Biden said.
Mr Putin, who marks his 70th birthday on Friday, has warned he would use all means necessary, including Russia's nuclear arsenal, to protect Russian soil, which he now says includes four Ukrainian regions he annexed.
In remarks to Australia's Lowy Institute, Mr Zelenskyy said NATO should launch preventive strikes on Russia to preclude its use of nuclear weapons.
Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov denounced the comments as "an appeal to start yet another world war with unpredictable, monstrous consequences", according to RIA news agency.
Where Ukraine says it's making territorial gains
Russia annexed Ukraine's Donestk, Luhansk, Kherson and Zaporizhzhia regions, representing about 15 per cent of the country, after holding what it called referendums – votes denounced by Kyiv and Western governments as illegal and coercive.
Since Europe's biggest attempted annexation since World War Two, a Ukrainian counter-offensive has pushed Russian forces into further retreating and regained large parts of Kherson.
Mr Zelenskyy said in a video address on Thursday that Kyiv's forces recaptured more than 500 square kilometres and dozens of settlements in Kherson in October.
"There are successes in the east as well. The day will surely come when we will report on successes in the Zaporizhzhia region (in the south) as well, in those areas that the occupiers still control," the president said.
Reuters could not independently verify battlefield accounts.
Ukrainian forces have regained control of thousands of square kilometres of territory since the beginning of September as the Russian front line has crumbled, first in the northeast, and in recent days in the south.
In rare but growing public criticism of Russia's top military officials, Kirill Stremousov, the deputy head of the Russian-backed administration in Kherson, said the "generals and ministers" in Moscow failed to understand the problems on the front lines.
There was no immediate comment from Russia's defence ministry.
Discontent has begun to bubble up among even loyalist state television commentators.
"Please explain to me what the general staff's genius idea is now?" Vladimir Solovyov, one of the most prominent Russian talk show hosts, said on his channel.
"Do you think time is on our side? They have hugely increased their amount of weapons," he said of Ukrainian forces.
"But what have you done in that time?"
On Thursday, a regional governor said a missile demolished an apartment block in Zaporizhzhia city, in the region of the same name that Russia says it has annexed. Source: AAP, EPA / State Emergency Service of Ukraine
Evidence of 'torture rooms': Ukraine
In the northeastern Kharkiv region where Ukrainian forces regained a large swathe of territory in September, the bodies of 534 civilians including 19 children were found after Russian troops left, said police official Serhiy Bolvinov.
The total included 447 bodies found in Izium. He also said that investigators had found evidence of 22 "torture rooms". There was no immediate comment from Russia.
On Thursday, a regional governor said a missile demolished an apartment block in Zaporizhzhia city, in the region of the same name that Russia says it has annexed.
Ukrainian rescuers had retrieved 11 bodies and rescued 21 people from the rubble of buildings destroyed in missile attacks there, the State Emergency Service said in a statement.
In an online address to the new European Political Community security and energy forum, Zelenskiy accused Russia of targeting the same spot twice to kill responders.
"In Zaporizhzhia, after the first rocket strike today, when people came to pick apart the rubble, Russia conducted a second rocket strike. Absolute vileness, absolute evil."
Russia says it does not target civilians.
A Ukrainian missile hit a bus in the Russian-controlled city of Kherson, killing four and wounding three civilians, Russia's RIA Novosti news agency reported.
Over the previous 24 hours, Russian troops carried out eight missile and 15 air attacks and fired more than 70 salvos from multiple rocket launchers in Kherson, Ukraine's military said early on Friday.
