Climate change made the deadly floods that devastated parts of Germany and Belgium last month up to nine times more likely, according to an international study published Tuesday.
At least 190 people lost their lives in severe floods that pummelled western Germany in mid-July, and at least 38 people perished after extreme rainfall in Belgium's southern Wallonia region.
Using the growing speciality of attribution science, climate experts are increasingly able to link manmade climate change to specific extreme weather events.
To calculate the role of climate change on the rainfall that led to the floods, scientists analysed weather records and computer simulations to compare the climate today - which is around 1.2 degrees Celsius warmer due to manmade emissions - with the climate of the past.
They focused on one- and two-day rainfall levels, and found that two particularly hard-hit areas saw unprecedented precipitation last month.
In the Ahr and Erft regions of Germany, 93 millimetres of rain fell in a single day at the height of the crisis. The Belgium region of Meuse saw a record-breaking 106 mm of rain over a two-day period.
They calculated that the floods were between 1.2 and nine times more likely to happen in today's warmed climate, compared to a scenario where no heating had occurred since the pre-industrial era.
Such downpours over Germany and the Benelux region are now between 3-19 per cent heavier because of human-induced warming, according to the study, organised by World Weather Attribution.
"Climate change increased the likelihood (of the floods), but climate change also increased the intensity," said Frank Kreienkamp, from the German weather service.
Friederike Otto, associate director of the University of Oxford's Environmental Change Institute, said that the floods showed that "even developed countries are not safe from severe impacts of extreme weather that we have seen and known to get worse with climate change."
"This is an urgent global challenge and we need to step up to it. The science is clear and has been for years."
'Wake-up call'
By analysing local rainfall patterns across Western Europe, the authors of Tuesday's study were able to estimate the likelihood of an event similar to last month's floods occurring again.
They found that similar events could be expected to hit any given area about once in 400 years at current warming levels.
This means several events on the scale of the German and Belgian floods are likely across Western Europe within that timeframe, they said.
"It was a very rare event," said Maarten van Aalst, director of the International Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre.
"On the other hand it has already become more likely than before and it will become more likely in the future."
People check for victims in flooded cars on a road in Erftstadt, Germany, Saturday, July 17, 2021. Source: AP
The scientists said that they focused on rainfall in this study as river level data was missing after several measurement stations were washed away in the floods.
Van Aalst said the study should be a "wake-up call for people".
"The increase in risk that we found in this study is something we need to manage about flood risk management, about preparedness, about early warning systems," he told journalists.
"Sadly, people tend to be prepared for the last disaster."
